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Service-oriented architecture, or SOA, refers to a style used in the development of enterprise-class business applications. Traditional business application development has followed a purpose-built paradigm that is now perceived as being inflexible and incapable of evolving at the same rapid pace that business markets and processes are now changing. SOA provides the flexibility and the opportunity for business applications to keep pace with changes in the global business climate.The most important characteristics of SOA that allow it to meet these fundamental objectives are:5 t# B0 t: w# p" R$ m
• Contract-based interfaces
% X& y6 w4 L# e' Z" d3 KSOA promotes the use of abstract interfaces independent of underlying business X7 @# q) ?& c8 F! m7 T
logic implementations. These interfaces represent a contract between clients% d! y; R" H. J. c+ ^7 Y
and the business applications. As long as the client makes a proper request for a- I8 T9 N7 M% `: ^# W7 w5 l
service, the server honors it and returns a response in the format specifi e d in7 d4 ^* i# m7 G* u- P0 q6 [
the contract. The SOA contract helps to uncouple client and server development
- U3 p2 |$ u$ X$ mactivities and allows them to evolve independently so long as the contract/ j6 q% t+ b/ s& \
remains intact.
) V9 B" M# H. D' Y• Coarse-grained interfaces/ \0 B& Y. K1 k' t t4 q
SOA interfaces also tend to be coarse-grained, in the sense that they ideally2 J- ^2 n5 x% Y+ A' u
represent a complete business transaction. The client makes a request for some
J6 g7 ], N2 W4 s, Q5 d1 ltype of work to be done; the server executes the full operation without any; \8 L, ~4 j0 H) W, A: r
intervening conversation with the client, and then sends back a fully-complete; v: I5 K( l z2 p; y4 F
response to the client. This results in fewer remote calls to API and brings about4 X1 f9 S+ `7 D
a nonchatty interface.
) w! _: ~" s3 H• Single entry point to business logic9 v1 r6 k `) ^
After a service is exposed throUGh SOA, it is immediately available to all- ^( ^$ U2 q3 a9 W3 ~
clients. Because the service is contract-based, the server logic does not require
! Z! ]7 {- s& i) Z3 o/ V. N# Kknowledge about the client requesting the service, which allows new client( _. }* {: E: P3 @3 K
technologies to be adopted without changing the service or invalidating other9 L/ B# J8 A; @8 i6 D
clients using the service.
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