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Service-oriented architecture, or SOA, refers to a style used in the development of enterprise-class business applications. Traditional business application development has followed a purpose-built paradigm that is now perceived as being inflexible and incapable of evolving at the same rapid pace that business markets and processes are now changing. SOA provides the flexibility and the opportunity for business applications to keep pace with changes in the global business climate.The most important characteristics of SOA that allow it to meet these fundamental objectives are:
# q0 B! P! z4 e* D• Contract-based interfaces$ }' O3 {& d' O$ J' |9 ~. z
SOA promotes the use of abstract interfaces independent of underlying business
) n1 m, N; e4 Y; mlogic implementations. These interfaces represent a contract between clients
% W& k# x* |- j2 |, D2 P- e# W0 Wand the business applications. As long as the client makes a proper request for a
5 _! z9 V' }8 b; ~1 R+ b# gservice, the server honors it and returns a response in the format specifi e d in
5 V" ^5 Y% g2 h. I8 D, ^% Tthe contract. The SOA contract helps to uncouple client and server development: p( p5 ?, u! E3 s
activities and allows them to evolve independently so long as the contract3 ]6 p: w' L( h
remains intact.
' L9 F, n# s: l2 J. E• Coarse-grained interfaces
/ P. P8 b' h" X1 }6 j" D0 z) j JSOA interfaces also tend to be coarse-grained, in the sense that they ideally" h1 D# O0 {( Y. E# V" L
represent a complete business transaction. The client makes a request for some
# F+ v& \0 ?6 q. R: Rtype of work to be done; the server executes the full operation without any9 i6 b0 `" [8 o1 v
intervening conversation with the client, and then sends back a fully-complete
7 @8 s l1 J- b8 w0 yresponse to the client. This results in fewer remote calls to API and brings about9 b9 O3 A6 e( M* E; N; ^
a nonchatty interface.
- q9 z# G7 I" A# M+ Y- P* i• Single entry point to business logic: v3 p1 C* m, K' m: a
After a service is exposed throUGh SOA, it is immediately available to all
4 K1 b4 \ T( |clients. Because the service is contract-based, the server logic does not require
- p$ q0 m5 W6 @: mknowledge about the client requesting the service, which allows new client) j5 ?% e1 R3 q$ V
technologies to be adopted without changing the service or invalidating other
; x. V; [) j2 ]& N7 ^' Kclients using the service.
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